Usually when the temperature dips close to zero, I take it as a good excuse to have a rest or at least do some perfunctory training rides on the rollers. But looking at this weeks long range weather forecast, this would have entailed quite a long lay-off – so it is a case of needs must. I went out on Saturday with a balmy 3 degrees, but by the time I reached Henley my Garmin was saying -0.5. At this kind of temperature, my hands get cold no matter how many layers I wear. There is also the risk of ice on road. It’s tough cycling in the cold, especially for the skinny hill climbers.

On Sunday I went out again – the temperature was 2-3 degrees, but I still came across some icey patches on a quiet road near Leafield, which could have been dangerous.

The science of cycling in the cold

Cycling in very cold weather is very different and it will have a big impact on your body.

• When your body temperature is colder than usual, the body responds by restricting the size of the veins. (It does this to conserve heat near vital organs – known as peripheral vasoconstriction ) This makes blood flow slower than usual. It means that:
  • Hands, feet and extremities more likely to be cold. If you keep your body warm, it will be easier to keep feet warm.
  • It’s harder to cycle. One reason you’re slower when cold is that there is less blood being pumped around your body. With less oxygen you’re bound to be slower.
• Cold temperature inhibits aquaporins in various places throughout the body, including the brain and kidneys so that less water is taken up by the cells. Therefore kidneys respond to cold by passing urine quicker through the body. (according to first year med student) This is why on a cold day, you’re more likely to be looking for suitable trees to relieve yourself. It’s also a time when the colour of your urine is not a guide to dehydration. Because you’re going to the toilet more often and not absorbing water as quickly, you can be more dehydrated than you imagine.
• You burn more calories keeping warm. Cold weather cycling is good for those looking to burn calories, more energy is used in keeping warm. It is important to keep eating enough to maintain enough fuel. The last thing you want to do is to ‘bonk’ in the cold weather.

Tips for cycling in the cold

Avoiding the ice

The worst feature of cycling in cold weather is the danger of hitting some ice. If you hit any ice, at the slightest of angle, you will be nursing a sore knee before you can even start saying ‘ I wish they had gritted the roads.’ The benefit of two hours cycling in the cold are soon lost if you spend the next three weeks with damaged knee. To avoid ice, I suggest:

• Sticking to main roads – A and B roads – bus routes are usually a safe bet.
• Be careful of unexpected damp / cold patches.
• Be particularly careful about going from a road to a pavement / cycle path
• Personally, I try to be extra cautious on cycle paths because they invariably haven’t been gritted like roads
• When cycling on A roads, you still have to keep your eyes peeled for unexpected blocks of ice, e.g. where someone washed their car the night before.
• Don’t ride in the gutter where ice is more likely, but keep a good distance into the road. This can be difficult on busy A roads.
• The problem is that you can become over-confident because you can cycle for 50 miles ice-free but then on some back road you hit the ice, where you least expect it.

Keeping Warm

• Yesterday, I had several layers on, including thermal layers, but, was still cold on returning after a three hour ride. Somehow it just seeps into your body after a while. I should invest in a really proper winter jacket, but I prefer to go for several thermal layers – Merino wool makes a good mid-layer.
• With poor circulation in my extremities, I couldn’t manage without my hot pads. (they create a self-contained heat of about 60 degrees) I’ve been putting a pair in my socks and (when really cold a pair between a glover liner and the bigger ski gloves). In winter I can use them pretty quick, but at 60p a packet I feel it’s money well spent.
• Ear warmers. A thin hat which covers forehead and ears is essential. I have used a Craft windstopper hat (wiggle link) which is quite warm – great for keeping ears warm too. I used to have a neoprene hat, but that had a tendency to be sweaty.
• I recommend layers of fleece and merino wool. Be careful of cheaper materials which aren’t fully breathable – they can leave you with a cold sweat, which is the worst.
• Don’t be reluctant to wear two pairs of shorts or at least some thermal winter shorts. There are some parts of the body, you don’t want to be de-frosting.
• To keep feet warm, make sure you don’t restrict blood supply by wearing too many tight-fitting pairs of socks in small shoes.
• If hands and feet get cold, try just get some circulation back in. I wiggle my toes and fingers (like playing the piano)
• Keep the wind out. Some material to keep out the winter is essential. Be wary about heavy duty Goretex layers, they claim they are breathable, but, that can be dubious, I find I end up sweating like anything, which can make you susceptible to cold. Though they have improved in recent years
• Being prepared for a breakdown. For winter rides, the last thing you want to have to do is to stop and mend a puncture. It is a good reason to get best puncture resistant tyres. But, it could still happen. A spare layer is a good idea,  hotpads are useful if I had to take gloves off to mend a puncture.
• Going out at 11am – 12am is probably best time. Usually warmer than after sunrise.
• In Croatia I was boiling the water for my water bottles. The heat didn’t last too long, but, for the first hour, it was still nice to take a warm drink to help warm up the insides rather than water which is 0 degrees.

Looking after bike

With all the salt on the road, I used a custom heavy duty winter chain lubricant. It is specially designed to protect components from the corrosive effect of salt.

Wind chill factor

Be careful when it’s windy. I found out this in Croatia when it was very cold wind. Also, cycling creates its own wind chill factor, which is great for hot weather (cycling is much more bearable than running in hot weather). But, it means we get cooler quicker. For instance in calm conditions at -29°C a well clothed person is in little danger, a light wind of 10mph gives the same effect as a temperature of -44°C when exposed flesh can freeze in a minute or so. A breeze of 25mph gives an equivalent of -66°C . (cold air science)

Overall, when cold, you do go slower.

Related

• Winter training rides
• How often to clean the winter bike